Calculating machine
h. j. chall



July 12, 1966 H. J. CHALL CALCULATING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet l CriginalFiled Sept. 18, 1961 July 12, 1966 H. J. CHALL CALCULATING MACHINEOriginal Filed Sept. 18

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ma Nmm 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 H. J. CHALL CALCULATING MACHINEJuly 12, 1966 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Sept. 18, 1961 mamOriginal Filed Sept. 18, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 United States Patent3,260,448 CALCULATING MACHINE Harold J. Chall, Castro Valley, Calif.,assignor, by mesne assignments, to Friden, Inc., a corporation ofDelaware Original application Sept. 18, 1961, Ser. No. 138,645, now

Patent No. 3,145,923, dated Aug. 25, 1964. Divided and this applicationMar. 27, 1964, Ser. No. 355,300

2 Claims. (Cl. 23560.18)

This application is a division of my prior, copending application SerialNo. 138,645, filed September 18, 1961, now Patent No. 3,145,923,issuedAugust 25, 1964.

The present invention relates to printing calculating machines, and moreparticularly to the control for the printing of symbols which indicatethe kinds of operations performed.

Objects of the present invention include the provision of a calculatingmachine having a simple control for the symbols that identify specificoperations, that has a simple control for printing the correct symbolsfor multiplication operations, that has an improved control forsuppressing unwanted printing of certain details of the multiplication,and the provision of an improved automatic printing calculator.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will beapparent from the following description and the specific embodimentthereof, and from the claims, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an external, perspective view of a machine, complete withcase, embodying my present invention, taken from the upper right front.

- FIG. 2 is a right elevation longitudinal section of the machine ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a right elevational partial section for showing the mechanismfor blocking the symbol print wheel for the right side controls, andtaken along a line slightly to the left of that for FIG. 2. 7

FIG. 4 is a right elevational section taken along a line to the left ofthose for FIGS. 2 and 3.

FIG. 5 is a left elevational longitudinal section of the machine of FIG.2.

FIG. 6 is a left elevational partial section showing parts of the leftside symbol control, taken along a line to the left of that for FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a left elevational section taken along a line to the left ofthat of FIG. 6.

General operation The calculator of the present invention is describedmore completely in the parent application, Ser. No. 138,645, of whichthis is a division, and in US. Patent No. 3,108,745. The machine is ofthe ten-key, reciproeating actuator type, and in its general features isconstructed in accordance with US. Patent No. 2,832,530, and is similarto the well-known Friden adding machine.

A number may be entered in a movable selector unit by means of selectionkeys 9 (FIG. 1), which include the nine numeral keys 10 and the 0 key11, and the number so entered appears in a check window 12 on the checkdials 197 of the selector segments 196 (FIG. 2). Depression of anaddition key 14 or a subtraction key 16 then initiates an operation thattransfers the number to the actuator and also to the accumulator, andprints it, the operation clearing the number from the selector unit.Depression of a repeat (R) key 20 causes a number in the selector to beentered additively in the accumulator selves, cause an operation of themachine.

"ice

Without clearing it from the selector. Simultaneous depression of therepeat key 20 and subtract key 16 similarly enters the numbersubtractively into the accumulator without clearing it from theselector. A print-only (N) key 22 causes the number in the selector tobe printed and cleared. A clear keyboard (CKB) key 24 causes the numberin the selector to be simply cleared therefrom by returning the selectorunit to its home position. A backspace key 26 causes the movableselector carriage to move one space to the right and clear out the digitlast entered. A depression of a total (T) key 30 causes the number inthe accumulator to be transferred to the actuator and to be printed,leaving the accumulator clear. Depression of a subtotal (S) key 32similarly transfers the value from the accumulator to the actuator forprinting, but in addition returns it to the accumulator.

With a number in the selector unit, and showing in the check window 12,depression of a multiplier-entry (X) key 36 transfers the number fromthe selector to the actuator, and also to a multiplier storage, ormemory, unit 970 (FIG. 4) and prints the number, leaving the selectorclear. A mul-tiplicand may then be entered in the selector by means ofselection keys 9. Then depression of a multiplication key 38 causes themultiplicand to be printed once, the multiplication to be performedautomatically, the product to be accumulated additively in theaccumulator and the number in the accumulator to be printed out in atotal operation. Alternatively the multiplication opera-tion may beinitiated by the depression of an accumulative multiplication (:S) key42, which causes a similar multiplication operation but ends with asubtotal operation, thereby leaving the accumulated product in theaccumulator. Depression of a negative multiplication key 40 causes anoperation similar to that of multiplication key 38, but enters theproduct negatively in the accumulator. A depression of a producttransfer (T to X) key 44 produces the same operation as themultiplication key 38, with the addition that the final value in theaccumulator is transferred to the multiplier storage, or memory, unit.Any combination of the keys 38, 40, 42 and 44 may be depressedsimultaneously.

With a number in the selector, a squaring entry (X key 46 may bedepressed to cause the number in the selector to be entered in themultiplier storage unit and also retained in the selector. Then any ofthe keys 38, 40, 42 or 44 may be depressed to cause an automaticmultiplication for producing the square of the number.

A memory input (MI) key 48 and a memory output (MO) key 50 arepreparatory keys and do not, by them- The memory input key 48 may bedepressed previously to, or simultaneously with, keys 14, 16, 20, 22, 30or 32 to cause the number that is printed to also be entered in themultiplier storage, or memory, unit. The memory output key 50 maysimilarly be used with the print-only key 22 for printing out the numberstanding in the multiplier storage unit. The memory output key 50 mayalso be used with either the addition key 14 or subtraction key 16 forprinting the number in the multiplier storage unit and entering itadditively or subtractively, respectively, into the accumulator. Nomemory output operation leaves the multiplier storage unit clear. Thenumber is transferred from the multiplier storage, or memory, unit tothe actuator for printing, and then is returned to the multiplierstorage preparation for the entry of a new number.

Actuator The actuator includes seventeen actuator sectors 340 (FIG. 4)separately rotatable on a transverse actuator shaft 342. These sectorsare similar in construction to those of the machine described in U.S.Patent No. 2,832,530, already referred to. A separate sector 340 isprovided for each numerical order of the machine. These sectors areoscillated about the shaft 342 during each operating cycle of themachine by an actuator bail rod 344, which lies in slots 341 in thesectors.

Bail rod 344 is driven by actuator cams on the main drive shaft 90. Alead cam 348 and a trail cam 349 (FIG. 2) engage two rollers 350 and352, respectively, carried by a yoke 354 which is fixed to the right endof atransverse shaft 356. This yoke includes gear segment 358 (FIG. 2),which meshes with a segment 360 fixed on the actuator shaft 342. A bailarm 362, fixed to the shaft 342, carries the right end of the bail rod344, and a similar bail arm 364 (FIG. 5), also fixed to the actuatorshaft 342, supports the left end of the bail rod 344. Also located onthe left side of the machine (FIG. 5) is a second gear segment 376,similar to segment 360 and similarly fixed to the shaft 342. Gearsegment 376 meshes a gear segment 374 which is part of a lever 372journalled on shaft 356. Lever 372 carries a pin 373 which lies under arearward extending arm 371 of a lever 377 which carries a roller 379riding a cam 370. During the first half of each operating cycle of themachine, the actuator cam 348 (FIG. 2) and the cam 370, through lever377 and pin 373 (FIG. 5), drive the actuator bail 344 down(counter-clockwise in FIG. 4). During this motion, the bail 344 drivesagainst a hook-shaped, spring-loaded member 345 on each actuator sector340 for driving the sector as far (counter-clockwise in FIG. 4) as it isfree to rotate. As is well known, the limit on the rotation of eachactuator sector is imposed by the element, such as a selector sector196, from which a digit is being transferred to the actuator sector.During the second half of each operating cycle of the machine, the bail344 is returned to its home position, shown in FIG. 21, for returningall of the actuator sectors 340 to their uppermost, or home, positions.

Multiplier storage, or memory, unit The multiplier storage, or memory,unit includes seventeen identical diiferentially-settable storagesectors 970 (FIG. 4) mounted for free rotation on a common shaft 972supported in the frame of the machine. In FIG. 4, these sectors areshown in their 0 position. Numbers are transferred to these sectors fromthe actuator sectors 340 by means of actuator pawls 974 pinned at 975 tothe actuator sectors. Each pawl has a pair of gear teeth 976 arranged tobe lifted into engagement with gear teeth 977 in the lower edge of itsstorage sector 970.

As shown in FIG. 4, each sector 970 of the memory or multiplier storageunit is provided with a detent 1055 journalled on a pin 1056 and rockedby a spring 1057 (counter-clockwise in FIG. 4) for urging the corner ofan ear 1058 at its forward end into engagement with the notched edge1059 of an arcuate slot in the storage sector 970. Thus the ear 1058, byresting in a notch of the edge 1059, tends to hold the sector 970 in anydigit position in which it is set. When the sector 970 is rotated by thepawl 974, as for example, in the entry and readout of numbers, thedetent 1055 is simply rocked by the inclined edges of the notches.Further details of the construction and operation of the memory unit aredisclosed in the parent application, Ser. No. 138,645, and in thepatent, No. 3,108,745, previously referred to.

Printing The printing mechanism of the present machine is of awell-known type, similar to that shown in Patent No. 2,779,267. A numberprint wheel 1610 (FIG. 4) is prorod 1617 is carried by a pair of bailarms 1616 and 1618 (FIGS. 2 and 5). The arms are pinned :to shaft 1612,and a spring 1615 (FIG. 5) attached to arm 1618 biases these arms andthe bail 1617 down. Arm 1618 carries a roller 1619 overlying an arm 1620of a bellcrank 1621 (FIG. 7) having a roller 1622 riding a print controlcam 1623. When the roller 1622 is on the high part of cam 1623,bellcrank 1621 supports the arm'1618 which, in turn,

supports the bail rod 1617 for holding all the print wheels 1610 out ofprint position. A single deep narrow notch with an abrupt drop-off inthe cam 1623 lets the print wheels be driven, under force of theirsprings 1613, for printing at mid-cycle.

A lever arm 1657 (FIG. 7) fastened to a shaft 1655 is part of the ribboncontrol. During nonprinting machine cycles, and particularly all cyclesexcept the first of a multiplication operation, it remains in its homeposition shown in FIG. 7. During printing cycles it rotatescounterclockwise for unblocking the printing bail 1617. This action ismore completely described in the parent application, Ser. No. 138,645,and in the patent, No. 3,108,745, previously referred to.

Symbols for operations by the right side control keys The right sidecontrol keys are the addition, subtraction, repeat, print-only, totaland subtotal keys 14, 16, 20, 22, 30 and 32 (FIG. 1). The symbols forthe operations or functions, controlled by these keys are provided on aseparate print wheel 1698 (FIG. 3) and controlled by a separate actuatorsector in a Well-known manner. A bail arm 1700 (FIG. 2) is provided witha series of steps 1701 for stopping the symbol actuator sector atvarious positions as described in the parent application, Ser. No.138,645, and in the patent, No. 3,108,745, previously referred to.

Symbols for operations by the left side control keys At the extremeright of the print wheel cluster there is the print wheel 1738 (FIG. 2)for the operation-symbols for the left side control keys. It is the onlyprint wheel for which no actuator sector is included in the mainactuator. The drive gear 1739 for this print wheel is fixed to a gearsector 1740 which, in turn, is driven by a sector 1741 on the shaft1742. This shaft extends through to the left side of the machine whereit carries a gear sector 1743 (FIG. 5) in mesh with gear teeth on anarcuate lever 1744 which rocks free on the shaft 356. The pin 1745 onthe forward extension of the actuator gear sector 372 overlies one armof the lever 1744 for rocking it (clockwise in this view) to its homeposition shown, as the actuator gear sector 372 rocks to its homeposition. The pin 1745 moves up during the first part of each machinecycle for freeing the lever 1744 for rotation (clockwise in FIG. 5) forsetting the symbol print wheel 1738 (FIG. 2). A stop lever 1746 (FIG. 6)has an ear 1747 that is arranged to be positioned over various steps1751, 1753 and 1754 on the lever 1744 for limiting the motion of lever1744 and thereby determining which symbol will be printed. A spring 1749connected between the levers 1744 and 1746 (FIGS. 5 and 6) urges both ofthem counter-clockwise in these figures. Thus during the second half ofeach machine cycle, as the actuator drive lever 372 returns to its homeposition, the pin 1745 drives the symbol setting lever 1744 clockwise toits home position, as shown in FIG. 5, where it is held by the stoplever 1746 (FIG. 6). In this position the lever 1744 sets the symbolWheel 1738 (FIG. 2) for printing an X to indicate the number in themultiplier storage,

or memory, unit.

Stop lever 1746 (FIG. 6) carries a pin -1750 which lies in front of theupright arm of lever 1408 shown in FIG. 7 which is rocked when themultiplication operation is initiated in response to the depression ofthe multiplication key 38 as described in the parent application, Ser.No. 138,645, and the patent, No. 3,108,745, previously referred to.During the multiplication operation, the lever 1408, through pin 1750,holds the stop lever 1746 forward to put ear 1747 (FIG. 6) in alignmentwith the step 1753 With the stop lever 1746 in this position, the lever1744 swings clockwise during each machine cycle for setting the symbolprint wheel 1738 for printing an equals sign. However, as will beexplained, this is printed only during the first multiplication cycle.

As is described in the parent application, Ser. No. 138,645, and in thepatent, No. 3,108,745, the stop lever 1746 (FIG. 6) is part of a bail1756 which, upon the depression of the negative equals key 40, rocks thelever 1746 forward (right in FIG. 6) to put the ear 1747 in alignmentwith the step 1754. With stop lever 1746 in this position, the lever1744 swings to the position for setting the symbol wheel 1738 (FIG. 2)to print a negative equals symbol for indicating that the product isentered into the accumulator subtractively. As will be described, thissymbol is printed only during the first multiplication cycle.

Symbol suppression A zero-foil mechanism is partly shown at 1640 in FIG.4. This is similar to the well-known mechanism shown, for example, inU.S. Patent No. 2,779,267. This mechanism is controlled by a lever 1641(FIG. 5), journalled at 1642, and engaged by a pin 1643 on a lever 1644journalled at 356, and controlled by a zero-foil cam 1646.

A mechanism similar to the zero-foil mechanism is provided for blockingthe print wheel 1698 (FIG. 3) for the right side keys during printing ofthe multiplication symbols and Fixed to the drive gear 1739 and gearsector 1740 for the left side symbols is a cam 1765 for controlling alatch lever 1766 journalled at 1767. A spring 1768 biases the latchlever 1766 (clockwise in FIG. 3) for urging the end 1769 of a curvedrear arm against the cam. Whenever the gears 1739, 1740 are set forprinting either an equals or a negative equals symbol, a notch 1770 inthe cam 1765 is aligned the curved lever end 1769. An ear 1771 on anupper arm of latch lever 1766 is arranged to engage a shoulder 1772 onthe print-wheel carrier 1611 of the right side symbol print wheel 1698(which lies to the left of the left side symbol print wheel 1738). Latchlever 1766 is similar to a zero-foil latch, and is similarly controlledby a zero-foil bail 1773. In operation, just before the print bail 1617is lowered to release lal the print wheels for printing, zero-foil bail1773 is moved (by cam 1646, FIG. 7) from the solid line position in FIG.3 to the dotted line position 1773a for freeing the latch lever 1766(and all the zero-foil latches). If the notch 1770 of cam 1765 isaligned with the curved rear end 1769 of latch lever 1766, that leverwill rock, under force of its spring 1768, to position car 1771 over theshoulder 1772 of the print-wheel carrier 1611 of the right side symbolwheel 1698 and prevent it from printing. If drive gear 1739 is set forcausing the left side symbol wheel to print an X for the memory, cam1765 will hold ear 1771 clear of shoulder 1772 so that wheel 1698 willprint.

The print wheel 1738 (FIG. 2), which is at the extreme right of theprint-wheel cluster and prints the symbols for the left side controlkeys, is also arranged to be blocked. Its print-wheel carrier 1779,similar to carriers 1611 for the number print wheels, carries a pin 1780which lies in a slot 1781 in a bellcrank 1782 which is journalled at1783. The bellcrank 1782 includes an ear 1784 which is arranged to abuta pin 1785 on an 6 arm 1786 on a shaft 1800. Pin 1780 and slot 1781connect the bellcrank 1782 to the carrier 1779 of the print wheel 1738so that they rock together. Pin 1785 normally blocks bellcrank 1782 toprevent wheel 1738 from printing, but as is explained in the parentapplication, Ser. No. 138,645, and in the patent, No. 3,108,745, duringmultiplication and during memory input and output operations, this pin1785 is swung clear of car 1784 to permit such printing.

Symbol operation An operation initiated by the multiplier entry (X) key36, or .by the squaring entry (X key 46, prints two symbols N X. Anoperation in which the memory input (MI) key 48 is used prints an Xalong with the symbol of the right side operation, for example, T X. Thememory output (MO) key 50 similarly causes an X to be printed along witha right side symbol. It will be recalled that the memory output (M0) key50 causes the number in the memory unit to the transferred to theactuator, printed, and returned to the memory unit. Thus, the symbol Xindicates that the number so printed is in the memory unit. If the MOkey 50 is used with one of the keys 14, 16 or 20, it will print theappropriate right side symbol too, for example, X. It will be recalledfurther that the MO key 50 disables the total and subtotal operations.Thus the use of the MO key 50 with any of keys 22, 30 or 32, results inprinting the number from the memory and returning it without entering itin the accumulator. Accordingly, that operation prints the symbols N X.

As explained under PRINTING and SYMBOL SUPPRESSION, during the firstcycle of a multiplication operation, the multiplier is printed with amultiplication symbol or and none other, and during the rest of themultiplication operation, printing is blocked by lever arm 1659 (FIG.7).

At the end of a multiplication operation initiated by the equals key 38,or the negative equals key 40, the total is printed out with a symbol Tor T. After an accumulative equals operation (key 42), a subtotal isprinted with a symbol S or S. After an operation initiated by theproduct transfer (T to X) key 44, the total is printed out with twosymbols, for example, 6T X.!,

Thus the record of a sequence of operations may be Enter multiplier (key46) 1 2 3 N X Depress mult. key 38 1 2 3 Product printed automatically-1 l 5 1 2 9 T p The invention may be embodied in other specific formswithout departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respectsas illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention beingindicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoingdescription, and all changes which come within the meaning and range ofequivalency of the claims are, therefore, intended to be embracedtherein.

I claim:

1. In a symbol printing mechanism for an automatic calculating machine,in combination, two operation-symbols print wheels, a print-wheelcarrier for each of said wheels for carrying it in a printing stroke,means for rotating said print wheels for printing particularoperationsymbols, a latch for preventing printing movement of one ofsaid print wheels, and means settable solely according to the setting ofthe other of said symbol print wheels for controlling said latch toprevent printing by said first wheel simultaneously with the printing ofcertain predetermined operation-symbols by the said other wheel, and topermit printing by said first Wheel simultaneously with the printing ofother operation-symbols by said other wheel.

2. In a symbol printing mechanism for an automatic calculating machine,in combination, two operation-symbol print wheels, a print-wheel carrierfor each of said wheels for carrying it in a printing stroke, a drivegear for each print wheel for setting it, a latch for preventingprinting movement of one of said print wheels, and a cam controlled by adrive gear of the other of said symbol print wheels, said latch beingcontrolled solely by said cam to prevent printing by said first whee-1simultaneously with the printing of certain predeterminedoperation-symbols by said other wheel, and to permit printing by saidfirst wheel simultaneously with the printing of other operation-symbo1sby said other wheel.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,895,848 1/1933Gubelrnann 235-60.12 5 2,647,688 8/1953 Christian et a1 235.60.182,678,161 5/1954 Fleming 23560.23 3,001,697 9/1961 Christofif 23560.18

LOUIS J. CAPOZI, Primary Examiner.

10 STEPHEN J. TOMSKY, Examiner.

1. IN A SYMBOL PRINTING MECHANISM FOR AN AUTOMATIC CALCULATING MACHINE,IN COMBINATION, TWO OPERATION-SYMBOLS PRINT WHEELS, A PRINT-WHEELCARRIER FOR EACH OF SAID WHEELS FOR CARRYING IT IN A PRINTING STROKE,MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID PRINT WHEELS FOR PRINTING PARTICULAROPERATIONSYMBOLS, A LATCH FOR PREVENTING PRINTING MOVEMENT OF ONE OFSAID PRINT WHEELS, AND MEANS SETTABLE SOLELY ACCORDING TO THE SETTING OFTHE OTHER OF SAID SYMBOL PRINT